႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားခံစားရမႈ ရပ္တန္႔ေရး ကမၻာ့ဗုဒၶဘာသာေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသို႔ ေမတၱာစာ ေပးပုိ႔

စက္တင္ဘာ ၂၅၊ ၂၀၁၇
M-Media

– ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံက ရဟန္းသံဃာေတာ္ေတြ၊ ဗုဒၶဘာသာေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြအေနနဲ႔ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာေတြအေပၚ လူမ်ိဳးစုလုိက္ သုတ္သင္ရွင္းလင္းမႈကုိ ဆန္႔က်င္ၾကဖုိ႔ ကမၻာတစ္၀ွမ္းက ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ရဟန္းသံဃာေတာ္ေတြနဲ႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက ေပးပုိ႔တဲ့ အိတ္ဖြင့္ေပးစာတစ္ေစာင္ကုိ ကေနဒါအေျခစိုက္ ဗုဒၶဓမၼမဂၢဇင္း Lions Roar ရဲ႕ ၀ဘ္စာမ်က္ႏွာမွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားပါတယ္။

ရဟန္းသံဃယာေတြနဲ႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာေခါင္းေဆာင္ ၇၀ ေက်ာ္ေလာက္ လက္မွတ္ေရးထုိးထားတဲ့ ဒီစာနိဒါန္းမွာ အေနာက္တုိင္းနဲ႔ ကမၻာတစ္၀ွမ္း ေထရ၀ါဒ၊ မဟာယန၊ တိဘက္ဗုဒၶဘာသာ (Vajrayana) ေတြက ရဟန္း၊ သံဃာေတြ၊ လူ၀တ္ေၾကာင္ေတြ စတဲ့ သန္းနဲ႔ခ်ီတဲ့ ဗုဒၶဘာာသာလူ႕အဖြဲ႕အစည္းေတြကို ကုိယ္စားျပဳတဲ့ ရဟန္းသံဃာေတြ၊ ဓမၼပညာရွင္တြျဖစ္တဲ့ သူတုိ႔ဟာ ဗုဒၶျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ရဲ႕ ေမတၱာကုိ အေျခခံကာ ဒီစာကုိ ေရးသားရျခင္းျဖစ္တယ္လုိ႔ ဆုိပါတယ္။

ေနာက္ပုိင္းမွာေတာ့ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ သိန္းနဲ႔ခ်ီတဲ့ မြတ္စလင္ ညီအစ္ကုိ၊ ေမာင္ႏွမေတြဟာ စနစ္တက် အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈ၊ ညႇင္းပမ္းမႈေတြ၊ သတ္ျဖတ္မႈ၊ ႐ုိက္ႏွက္မႈ၊ ငတ္မြတ္ေခါင္းပါးမႈ၊ ေရာဂါဘယ၊ အဓမၼျပဳက်င့္မႈေတြ၊ ထြက္ေျပးရမႈ၊ အိုးအိမ္ေတြ မီး႐ႈိ႕ခံရမႈ စတဲ့ ဒဏ္ေတြကုိ ခံေနရတယ္ဆုိတာ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာရွိတဲ့ လူ႕အခြင့္အေရး အဖြဲ႕ေတြ၊ သတင္းအဖြဲ႕ေတြနဲ႔ ယံုၾကည္ရေလာက္တဲ့ ရင္းျမစ္ေတြရဲ႕ ေဖာ္ျပမႈအရ သိရတယ္လုိ႔ စာမွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားပါတယ္။

လက္ရွိအခ်ိန္မွာ ကမၻာႀကီးက ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေနတာေၾကာင့္ ဒီလုိ အေျခအေနေတြ၊ အမ်ိဳးသားေရး ဘုန္းႀကီးေတြက အၾကမ္းဖက္ဖုိ႔ ဆြေပးေနတာ၊ အမုန္းစကားေျပာေနတာ၊ စစ္တပ္က ၾကမ္းၾကဳတ္တဲ့ ေပၚလစီနဲ႔ လူမ်ိဳးစုလုိက္ သုတ္သင္မႈ လုပ္ေနတာေတြ၊ ေဒၚေအာန္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ႏႈတ္ဆိတ္ေတြဟာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြက္ အရွက္ရစရာျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ ဒီလုိလုပ္ရပ္ေတြေၾကာင့္ ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ သြန္သင္မႈေတြ သြားပုပ္ေလလြင့္ အေျပာခံေနရတာ၊ ပံုဖ်က္ခံေနရတာေတြကုိ မိမိတုိ႔အေနနဲ႔ စိတ္ပ်က္၀မ္းနည္းမိေၾကာင္း၊ ဗုဒၶဓမၼမွာ အမုန္းနဲ႔ အၾကမ္းဖက္မႈအတြက္ မည္သည့္ ဆင္ေျခမွမရွိေၾကာင္း၊ မဘသဘုန္းႀကီးေတြရဲ႕ ရပ္တည္ခ်က္ဟာ သံဃာ့၀ိနည္းေတြ၊ ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ သင္ၾကားမႈေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး၊ ေမတၱာထားေရးေတြနဲ႔ လံုး၀ ကြဲလြဲဆန္႔က်င္ေနေၾကာင္းလည္း ကမၻာ့ ဗုဒၶဘာသာေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ပါတယ္။

စာရဲ႕အဆံုးမွာေတာ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ သံဃနာယက အဖြဲ႕အေနနဲ႔ မဘသအဖြဲ႕ကုိ ပုိမိုအေရးယူၿပီး အမုန္းစကားေတြနဲ႔ လူမ်ိဳးစုလုိက္ သုတ္သင္ေနတာေတြကုိ ခုိင္ခုိင္မာမာ ဆန္႔က်င္ဖုိ႔၊ အစုိးရ၊ စစ္တပ္၊ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္တုိ႔အေနနဲ႔ ဘာသာလူမ်ိဳး မခြဲျခားဘဲ အားနည္းတဲ့ လူ႕အဖြဲ႕အစည္းအားလံုးကုိ ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေပးဖုိ႔ တုိက္တြန္းခဲ့သလုိ၊ ကုလ၊ အေမရိကန္အစုိးရတုိ႔ဟာလည္း ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံက လူမ်ိဳးေရး တင္းမာမႈေတြ ေျဖရွင္းေရးအတြက္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းတဲ့ အေျဖတစ္ခု ေဖာ္ေဆာင္ေရး၊ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာေတြ ႏုိင္ငံသားျဖစ္ခြင့္ အျပည့္အ၀ရေရး အသက္ရွင္သန္ခြင့္၊ ေဘးအႏၱရာယ္ကင္းရွင္းေရး ကူညီလုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးဖုိ႔ ေဆာ္ၾသခဲ့ပါတယ္။

ကမၻာတစ္၀ွမ္းက ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မိတ္ေဆြေတြအေနနဲ႔ ႐ုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူ႕အဖြဲ႕အစည္းကုိ ကူညီေထာက္ပံ့ေပးေနတဲ့ UNHCR နဲ႔ အျခားေသာ လူသားခ်င္းစာနာေထာက္ထားမႈဆုိင္ရာ အဖြဲ႕အစည္းေတြကုိ ရက္ရက္ေရာေရာ ကူညီေပးၾကဖုိ႔ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံခဲ့ၿပီး ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ ေမတၱာတရားမ်ား လူသားအားလံုးအေပၚ လႊမ္းၿခံဳပါေစေၾကာင္း ဆုေတာင္းေမတၱာပုိ႔ကာ စာကုိ အဆံုးသတ္ထားပါတယ္။

ဒီစာကုိ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ သံဃနာယကအဖြဲ႕ဥကၠဌ ဗန္းေမာ္ဆရာေတာ္ဘုရား ေဒါက္တာ အရွင္ ကုမာရ ဘိ၀ံသထံ လိပ္မူထားတာျဖစ္ၿပီး ေအာက္ပါ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေတြက လက္မွတ္ေရးထုိးထားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi, Buddhist Global Relief
Jack Kornfield, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche, Tergar Meditation Community
Pema Chödrön, Gampo Abbey, Nova Scotia, Canada
Joseph Goldstein, Insight Meditation Society, MA
Dhammachari Lokamitra, Triratna Bauddha Mahasangha, India
Phra Paisal Visalo, Abbot, Wat Pasukato, Chaiyaphum, Thailand
Rev. Hozan Alan Senauke, Clear View Project
Rev. Ronald Kobata, Buddhist Church of San Francisco, Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha
Rev. angel Kyodo williams, Guiding Teacher, new Dharma Community
David R. Loy, Rocky Mountain Ecodharma Retreat Center
Ajahn Sucitto, Cittaviveka Monastery, West Sussex, United Kingdom
Santikaro Upasaka, Liberation Park, Norwalk, WI
Jill Jameson, Advisory Committee, International Network of Engaged Buddhists
Mushim Patricia Ikeda, Core teacher, East Bay Meditation Center, CA
Katie Loncke, Co-Director, Buddhist Peace Fellowship
Dawn Haney, Co-Director, Buddhist Peace Fellowship
Rev. Acharya Fleet Maull, Prison Dharma Network
Pascal Auclair, True North Insight Meditation Centre, Canada
Revs. Chozen Bays & Hogen Bays, Abbots, Great Vow Zen Monastery, Clatskanie, OR
Rev. Enkyo Pat O’Hara, Village Zendo, New York, NY
Rev. Linda Ruth Cutts, Central Abbess, San Francisco Zen Center
Rev. Furyu Schroeder, Abbess, Green Dragon Zen Temple, CA
Rev James Myoun Ford, Blue Cliff Zen Sangha, Long Beach, CA
Rev. Josh Jiun Bartok, Abbot, Greater Boston Zen Center
Rev. Edward Keido Sanshin Oberholtzer, Boundless Way Zen, Lewisburg, PA
Rev. Melissa Myozen Blacker, Abbot, Boundless Way Zen, MA
Michael Fieleke, Dharma Holder, Boundless Way Zen
Rev. David Dae An Rynick, Guiding Teacher, Boundless Way Zen, MA
Kenneth Kraft, emeritus professor, Lehigh University.
Rev. Joshin Brian Byrnes, Upaya Zen Center, NM
Rev. Koun Franz, Zen Nova Scotia
Rev Inryu Bobbi Ponce-Barger, All Beings Zen Sangha, Washington D.C.
Jack Lawlor/True Direction, Lakeside Buddhist sangha, Evanston, IL
Kristin Barker, Director and Co-Founder, One Earth Sangha
Roshi Wendy Egyoku Nakao, Abbot, Zen Center of Los Angeles
Rev. Dr. Douglas San-un Phillips, Empty Sky Sangha, W. Cornwall, CT
Rev. Jay Rinsen Weik, Abbot, Great Heartland Sangha, Buddhist Temple of Toledo
Rev. Dr. T. Kenjitsu Nakagaki, President, Buddhist Council of New York
Ajahn Punnadhammo, Abbott, Arrow River Forest Hermitage, Thunder Bay, Canada
Dosho Port, Head Priest, Nebraska Zen Center
Tara Brach, Insight Meditation Community of Washington D.C.
Wes Nisker, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
James Baraz, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Mary Grace Orr, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Diana Winston, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Mark Coleman, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Anna Douglas, PhD, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Eugene Cash, Spirit Rock Mediation Center, CA
Donald Rothberg, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Oren J. Sofer, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Carol Wilson, Insight Meditation Society, MA
Rodney Smith, Seattle Insight Meditation Society, WA
Rev. Eido Frances Carney, Abbess, Olympia Zen Center
Rev. Sumi Loundon Kim, Buddhist chaplain, Duke University
Rev. Taigen Dan Leighton, Ancient Dragon Zen Gate, Chicago, IL
Hosho Peter Coyote, Vimala Sangha, CA
Justin Whitaker, PhD, Sīla Mindfulness, Seattle, WA
Rev. Domyo Burk, Guiding Teacher, Bright Way Zen, Portland, OR
Erin Treat, Vallecitos Mountain Retreat Center & Durango Dharma Center.
Rev. Gyokei Yokoyama, Long Beach Buddhist Church, CA
John Bell, YouthBuild USA
Kenshin Catherine Cascade, Bird Haven Zendo, Cheshire, OR
Dennis Bohn/True Mountain of Peace, Order of Interbeing/Plum Village
Catherine McGee, Gaia House, Insight Meditation Centre, United Kingdom
Jill Shepherd, Auckland Insight, New Zealand
Maciej Janowicz, DSc., Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW
Nikki Mirghafori, Spirit Rock Meditation Center & Insight Meditation Center
Kittisaro & Thanissara, Dharmagiri Meditation Centre & Sacred Mountain Sangha
Chris Zangtsal Starbuck, Dharmaholder, Zen Peacemaker Circles
Janet Lipner, Midwest Buddhist Temple, IL
Kenley Neufeld, Dharma Teacher, Order of Interbeing
Bernie Glassman, Founder, Zen Peacemakers, Montague, MA,
Eve Myonen Marko, Head Teacher, Green River Zen Center, Montague, MA,
Rev. Tenku Ruff, NY
Rob Burbea, Gaia House, UK
Dr Adrianne Ross, British Columbia Insight Meditation Society, Vancouver, Canada
Marcia Rose, Guiding Teacher, The Mountain Hermitage, NM
David Gumpert, Cambridge Insight Meditation Center, MA
Rev. Myoan Grace Schireson, Central Valley Zen, CA
Robert A. Thurman, Professor, Columbia University, NY
Sally Armstrong, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Brian Ryojun Victoria, Ph.D.Fellow, Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
Marty Krasney—Executive Director, Dalai Lama Fellows
Chas DiCapua, Insight Meditation Society, MA
Rev. Kosen Greg Snyder, Brooklyn Zen Center & Union Theological Seminary
Greg Scharf, Insight Meditation Society, MA
Rev. Mary Mocine, Clear Water Zen Center, CA
Joyce Kornblatt, Cloud Refuge Sangha, Blackheath, NSW, Australia
Zen Master Bon Hae Judy Roitman, Kansas Zen Center, Lawrence, KS
Zen Master Hae Kwang Stan Lombardo, Kansas Zen Center, Lawrence, KS
Andrea Fella, Insight Meditation Center of the Mid-Peninsula; Spirit Rock Meditation Center, CA
Rev. Ryuun Joriki Baker, Blue Mountain Zendo, PA
Howard Cohn, Spirit Rock Meditation Center, California
Anne Seisen Saunders, Sweetwater Zen Center, CA
Rev. Diane Shoshin Fitzgerald, Boundless Way Zen
Fran Ludwig, Dharma Teacher, Boundless Way Zen
Monika Winkelmann, Zen Peacemakers, Germany
Karen Harrison, Canadian Buddhist Civil Liberties Association
Jeff Kitzes, Guiding Teacher, Empty Gate Zen Center, Berkeley, CA
Rev. Hoka Chris Fortin, Dharma Heart Sangha, CA
Rev. Kanzan Bruce Fortin, Occidental Laguna Sangha, CA
Anka Rick Spencer, Puerto Compasivo, Puerto Vallarta, México
Rev. Zoketsu Norman Fischer—Founder and teacher Everyday Zen Foundation, CA
Ken Kessel (Zen Master Jok Um), Chogye International Zen Center of New York
Kotatsu John Bailes, One Heart Zen
Rev. Peg Syverson, Appamada, Austin, TX
Roshi Roland Wegmüller, Spiegel Sangha, Switzerland. & Zen Peacemakers
Roshi Barbara Wegmüller, Spiegel Sangha, Switzerland. & Zen Peacemakers
Rev. Genshun Dai-En Bennage, Mt. Equity Zendo, PA
Gil Fronsdal, Insight Meditation Center, Redwood City, CA
Myoko Sara Hunsaker, Monterey Bay Zen Center, CA
K V Soon, Interim Secretary, International Forum on Buddhist-Muslim Relations
Rev. Layla Smith, Mountain Source Sangha, Larkspur, CA
Frank De Waele, Teacher, Zen Sangha, Belgium
Madeline Klyne, Cambridge Insight Meditation Center, MA
Yozen Peter Schneider, Abbot, Beginners Mind Zen Center
Guy Armstrong, Guiding Teacher, Insight Meditation Society, Barre, MA
Rev. Gesshin Greenwood, Blue Cliff Zen Sangha
Zen Master Ji Haeng/Thom Pastor, Kwan Um School of Zen, Las Vegas, NV
Jamie Cresswell, President, Jamie Cresswell, European Buddhist Union
Rev. Myo Lahey, Hartford Street Zen Center, CA
Rev. Eric Daishin McCabe, Zen Fields, Ames, IA
Rev. Densho Quintero, Magnanimous Mind Zen Temple, Bogota, Colombia
Rev. Shodo Spring, Mountains and Waters Alliance, MN
Eiko Joshin Carolyn Atkinson, Everyday Dharma Zen Center, CA
Jaime McLeod, Treetop Zen Center, ME
Jundo Cohen, Tree Leaf Zendo, Japan
Jisho Sara Siebert, Zen Fields, Ames, IA
Rev. Zuiko Redding, Cedar Rapids Zen Center, IA
Rev Ryushin Andrea Thach, Whatcom Zen, Bellingham, WA
Brian Lesage, Flagstaff Insight Meditation Community, AZ
Rev. Ryushin Paul Haller—Senior Dharma teacher, San Francisco Zen Center, CA
Angie Enji Boissevain, Floating Zendo, San Jose, CA
Rev. Josho Pat Phelan, Chael Hill Zen Center, NC
Rev. Jodo Cliff Clusin, Prairie Mountain Zen Center, CO
Rachael Neumann, Publisher, Parallax Press, CA
Myozan Kodo, Zen Buddhism Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
Shodo Spring, Mountains and Waters Zen Community, MN
Kokyo Henkel, Head Teacher Santa Cruz Zen Center
Rev. Myo Denis Lahey, Abbot, Hartford Street Zen Center, San Francisco CA
Tonen O’Connor, Resident Priest Emerita, Milwaukee Zen Center
Zenshin Greg Fain, Head of Practice, Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, CA
Jisho Warner, Abiding Teacher, Stone Creek Zen Center, CA
Nomon Tim Burnett, Guiding Teacher, Red Cedar Zen Community, Bellingham, WA
Shosan Victoria Austin, Teacher, San Francisco Zen Center
Aarti Tejuja, Director of the Office of Social Engagement, Shambhala International
Ven. Guan Zhen, International Center of Chinese Buddhist Culture and Education, USA
Shinryu Thomson, Teacher, Village Zendo, NY—Centro Zen, La Paz, Bolivia
Yuka Nakamura, Vipassana teacher, Meditation Center Beatenberg, Switzerland
Rev. Daijaku Kinst, Guiding Teacher, Ocean Gate Zen Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Rev. Shinshu Roberts, Guiding Teacher, Ocean Gate Zen Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Seth Zuiho Segall, Zen Priest, White Plains Zen, NY
Rev. Todd Hotai Watson, Guiding Teacher, Walking Tree Zen, Keene, NH
Rev. Seiso Paul Cooper, Two Rivers Zen Community, Narrowsburg, NY
Setsuan Gaelyn Godwin, Abbot,Houston Zen Center, Houston, TX
Rev. Kotoku Ray Crivello, Head Teacher, Deep Spring Temple, Sewickley, PA
Rev. Dr. David Taikyo Morgans, Guiding Teacher, Zen Association Wales
Tomon Lisa Marr, Milwaukee Zen Center, WI
Rev. Myogen Kathryn Stark, Guiding Teacher, Sonoma Valley Zen Group, CA
Peter Seishin Wohl, Spiritual Director, Wild Fox Sangha, Portland, ME
Rev. Hobu Beata Chapman’Head Teacher, Open Zen Community, CA
Rev. Val Meiren Szymanski, Bamboo in the Wind Zen Center, Sunnyvale, CA
Shokan Jordan Thorn, San Francisco Zen Center, CA
Rev. Ann Myosho Kyle Brown, Mendocino Zen Center, CA
Rev. Myo-O Habermas-Scher, Guiding Teacher, Dharma Dance Sangha, Minneapolis, MN
Noirin Sheahan, Senior Teacher, Satipanya Buddhist Retreat, Wales
Don de Silva, Faith Advisor, Buddhist, University of Westminster and Council Member of the Faiths Forum for London
Lama Surya Das, Dzogchen Center, Cambridge, MA
Robert Kolodny, Buddhist Climate Action Network
Ven. Ocean-of-Wisdom Sakya, Abbott, Middle-Way Meditation Centers
Rev. Konin Cardenas, Guiding Teacher, Ekan Zen Study Center
Dairyu Michael Wenger, Founding teacher, Dragons Leap Zen Center, CA
Daigaku Rummé, Confluence Zen Center, MO
Rev. Gengo Akiba, Director of Soto Zen Buddhism North America Office
Richard Reoch, former president of Shambhala
Martha Beosing, Shambhala, CA
Sandy Boucher, Dhamma Dena, CA
Junko Davis, Honolulu, HI
Asher Wallis, M.A., Chaplain, Brighton Hospice, OR
Marty Janowitz, Acharya, Shambhala U.S.
Maia Duerr, Five Directions Consulting, NM
Rev. Myogo Mary-Allen Macneil, Bodhi Oak Zen Sangha, CA
Frank Ostaseski, founder Metta Institute, CA
Rev. C. Collins Dhammaratana of Contemplative Traditions, Chapel Hill, NC
Michel Dubois, Roshi, Zenvoieducoeur
Rev. Helen Hobart, True Sacred Clouds, Order of Interbeing.
Jeana Teiju Moore, Banyan Dharma House, Deer Park, WA
Andrew Cooper, Features Editor, Tricycle: The Buddhist Review
Millicent Quam, Arcata Zen Group, CA
Camille Tischler, Ithaca, NY
Janis Kobe, Sonoma, CA
Gina Belton, Arcata, CA
Gaila Marie Allen, Berkeley Zen Center, CA
Rev. Ted O’Toole, Minnesota Zen Meditation Center, MN
Robert & Susan Laskin, N. Hollywood, CA
Leona Laskin, Philadelphia, PA
Rev. Elizabeth & Rev. Ken Sawyer, Back Porch Zendo, CA
Eric Horstman, Ecuador
Peter Levitt, Founder, Salt Spring Zen Circle, British Columbia, Canada
Suzann Duquette, Acharya, Karme Choling, Barnet, VT
Acharya Dale Asrael, Shambhala International
Myoshin Kate McCandless, Guiding Teacher, Mountain Rain Zen Community, Vancouver, Canada
Shinmon Michael Newton, Guiding Teacher, Mountain Rain Zen Community, Vancouver, Canada
Sally Scoville, Sonoma, CA
Hilton Obenzinger, Stanford University, CA
Nagamitra Akshobhya, Nagaloka, India
Gillian Coote Roshi: Sydney Zen Centre, Australia
Rev. Chi Kwang: The Seon Centre Victoria, Australia.

Ref: Lions Roar