Albanians in Kosovo who had been passing as Muslims were declaring themselves Catholics (to avoid conscription) as late as 1845. (Malcolm, Noel, Kosovo: A Short History, pp 185-86) ကိုဆိုဗိုက အလ္ေဘးနီးယန္းေတြက မြတ္စလင္မ္ေတြအျဖစ္ ဘ၀ေက်ာင္းလမ္းေနခဲ့ၾကေပမယ့္ သူတို႕ကိုယ္သူတို႕ေတာ့ (စစ္မွဳမထမ္းရေအာင္) ကက္သလစ္လို႔ ၁၈၄၅ ေလာက္ထိ ေၾကျငာခဲ့ၾကတာဆိုပဲ။
The third myth that Malcolm tries to debunk is the celebrated migration of thousands of Serbs from Kosovo to southern Hungary at the end of the seventeenth century led by their patriarch, Arsenije III. Malcolm’s fascinating research concludes that the patriarch fled the territory without leading a mass exodus, that the numbers of Serbs who eventually landed in Hungary were fewer than Serb tradition assumes, that most of the Serb refugees were not from Kosovo, and that it was therefore not this event that caused Kosovo to be depopulated of Serbs. (http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/reviewy5.htm)
မဲလ္ကြန္ နုိ၀ဲလ္ေရးသားတဲ့ A Short History သမိုင္းစာအုပ္ ခုလို မွတ္ခ်က္ေပးထားပါေသးတယ္။
“There have been many battles and wars in Kosovo over the centuries, but until the last 100 years or so none of them had the character of an ‘ethnic’ conflict between Albanians and Serbs.” (Kosovo, A Short History page. xxix)
Perhaps the most politically explosive complaint leveled by the Kosovo Serbs was that they were being neglected by the Communist authorities in Belgrade. (New York Times 1987-06-27, “Belgrade Battles Kosovo Serbs”)
In August 1987, during the dying days of Yugoslavia’s Communist regime, Kosovo was visited by Slobodan Milošević, then a rising politician. He appealed to Serb nationalism to further his career. Having drawn huge crowds to a rally commemorating the Battle of Kosovo, he pledged to Kosovo Serbs that “No one should dare to beat you”, and became an instant hero of Kosovo’s Serbs. By the end of the year Milošević was in control of the Serbian government. (Wiki – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Kosovo#cite_note-nyt19870627-28)
The Court concludes that the acts committed at Srebrenica falling within Article II (a) and (b) of the Convention were committed with the specific intent to destroy in part the group of the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina as such; and accordingly that these were acts of genocide, committed by members of the VRS in and around Srebrenica from about 13 July 1995.(http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/91/13685.pdf – The Hague, 26 February 2007, p. 108, paragraph 297.)
# 3. Misinformation: This is a subtle technique, it involves reporting information in such a way that the final message of the story is not true, it’s what the propagandist wants you to believe.
I spoke for rule of law. And rule of law covers rules of citizenship as well. This is what I mean by saying the root of the problem is lack of rule of law. We are not certain exactly what the requirements of citizenship laws are. I will mention one particular case of one of our candidates for the last by-election who was disqualified because in accordance with the election regulations, all candidates have to be born of nationals, both parents must be nationals. This candidate of ours, his parents, both of them are Burmese nationals when he was born. But later, his father took another nationality. And on those grounds, he was disqualified as a candidate. ….. Even with regard to citizenship we are not clear what the laws really are. Rule of law, if you have very clear as to who are the citizens of the country under the citizenship laws and who qualified, then there would not be this problem which is always coming up there is an accusation, some people do not belong in Bangladesh and some people do not belong in Burma. Bangladesh says that they are not ours and Burma says that they are not ours and these poor people get shuffled around. So we have to have rule of law, we have to know what the law is. We have to make sure that it is properly implemented.
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ကနဦးမွာ တရားဥပေဒစိုးမိုးေရးက အဓိက အရင္းအျမစ္ပဲဆိုတာကို ထိမိရိုးရွင္းစြာ ေျဖၾကားခဲ့တာပါ။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ရဲ႕ အေျဖကို ျမန္မာမွဳျပဳရရင္ –
I do not know because when you talk about the Rohingya, we are not quite sure who you are talking about. As I said there is a problem about who we are referring to. There is someone who says that those people who claim to be Rohingyas are not the ones who are actually native to Burma. But who are just come over recently from Bangladesh. But, on the other hand, Bangladesh says No. They don’t want them as refugees because they are not native to Bangladesh and they come over from Burma. So how do we sort this out without “RULE OF LAW”, without proper Immigration Processes, without proper policy, without properly implementation of laws. This is why I said the root of all is “The RULE OF LAW” going back to many decades, not going back just to the crime that is just committed a couple of months ago.
Ido not know because when you talk about the Rohingya, we are not quite sure who you are talking about. As I said there is a problem about who we are referring to. There is someone who says that those people who claim to be Rohingyas are not the ones who are actually native to Burma.But who are just come over recently from Bangladesh.
ကဲအခု၊ အထက္မွာ က်ေနာ္ေျပာတဲ့ အဓိပၸါယ္မ်ိဳးကိုသာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေျပာဆိုခဲ့တာပါဆိုတာကို ပိုမိုခိုင္မာေစဖို႔ လန္ဒန္ စီးပြားေရးနဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံေရး တကၠသိုလ္ (London school of economics and politics) မွာ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တဲ့ (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5myaBEV9Wk&list=UUuaRmKJLYaVMDHrnjhWUcHw&index=7&feature=plcp ) ဒီဘိတ္မွာလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ဘယ္လိုေျပာဆိုေဆြးေႏြးသြားသလဲဆိုတာက အနည္းငယ္သံုးသပ္ပါမယ္။ တရားဥပေဒစိုးမိုးေရး အတြက္ procedure နဲ႔ transitions အေၾကာင္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေျပာသြားခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အဲ – Burma law is obsolete. ျမန္မာ့ဥပေဒက ဒိတ္ေအာက္ေနၿပီလို႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေျပာသြားခဲ့တာကေတာ့ မွတ္သားစရာပါပဲ။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က Statelessness in Burma ၊ ျမန္မာျပည္က ႏိုင္ငံသားျဖစ္ခြင့္မရွိဘဲ ေယာင္ေျခာက္ဆယ္ျဖစ္သူမ်ားအတြက္ We can base in rule of Law ၊ က်မတို႔ တရားဥပေဒစိုးမိုးေရးကို အေျခခံႏိုင္တယ္၊ ဒီလိုအေျခခံတဲ့ေနရာမွာ Two aspects ၊ ရွဳေထာင့္နွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိတယ္လို႔ ေျပာသြားခဲ့ပါတယ္။
1) The law of citizenship. What are the citizenship laws in Burma like? Are these just? Are these in line with internationally acceptable standard? ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က
အဲ နံပါတ္ ၂ ေနရာမွာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေျပာသြားတာက procedural ပါ။ ဘိုလိုကေတာ့ အၾကမ္းဖ်င္း ဒီလိုမ်ိဳးပါ။ How do the immigration authorities work? How do the police work? How do the court work?
These two are essential to find why stateless persons are stateless. Whether there is not something that can be done to assure the position within the rule of law.
# 3. Misinformation: This is a subtle technique, it involves reporting information in such a way that the final message of the story is not true, it’s what the propagandist wants you to believe.
မၾကာေသးမီက WAN-IFRA မွ ေရႊကေလာင္ဆုခ်ီးျမႇင့္ခံခဲ့ရသည့္ ဦးသန္းထြတ္ေအာင္ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ အလဲဗင္းမီဒီယာဂရုသည္ ျမန္မာျပည္ရွိ ႏိုင္ငံသား မြတ္စလင္မ္မ်ားအား တဘက္သတ္အျမင္ေစာင္းမွဳ ၾကီးထြားလာႏိုင္ေစေသာ သတင္းေခါင္းစဥ္မ်ားျဖင့္ မေလးေရာက္ျမန္မာမ်ားသတင္းကို ပံုၾကီးခ်ဲ႕ကား ခဲ့ပါသည္။ (အပိုင္း ၂ တြင္ အေသးစိတ္ ေဖာ္ျပပါမည္။)
